【Abstract】 Mukuita kwesimba rekudyara unit kushanda, kuvuza kweturbine mafuta ekuzora kuchaitika, izvo zvinozotungamira mukuwedzera.
zviri mukati mezvikamu uye mwando mumafuta ekuzora, uye kutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa uye kugadzikana kushanda kweiyo steam turbine.Bepa rino rinotarisa
zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvekuchenesa oiri uye zvinokonzeresa, uye inoisa mberi mhinduro uye matanho ekuvandudza mune ramangwana
【Mazwi akakosha】 turbine yemhepo;mafuta ekuzora nzira yekurapa;mafuta ekuchenesa mafuta;kuvandudzwa kwekuita
1. Nhanganyaya
Steam turbine mafuta ekuzora anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muutsi turbine, iyo inogona kuita basa mukuvhunduka kunyura, kugeza, kuzora uye kutonhora kwekubereka.Panguva imwecheteyo, inogonawo kuita basa rinokosha mukutonga kwekutakura kupisa.Hunhu hweiyo steam turbine yekuzora mafuta huchave nemhedzisiro yakakosha pahupfumi uye kuchengetedzeka kweiyo steam turbine unit, iyo inoda kuve nechokwadi kuti mhando, huwandu uye kuita kwemafuta ekuzora anogona kuverengerwa nezviratidzo kudzivirira kunaka kwekuzora kuchinja kwemafuta. .Forzvivako zvemagetsi enyukireya, iyo yekuchenesa oiri chinhu chakakosha kuchengetedza iyo unit michina ichimhanya nemhando yepamusoro.Naizvozvo, kuvandudza mashandiro emuchina uyu kunogonawo kuve nemhedzisiro inosvika kure.
2 Yakajairwa kukanganisa kuongororwa kweutsi turbine yekuzora mafuta ekugadzirisa system oiri yekuchenesa
2.1 musimboti wemafuta anonatsa
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhando yemafuta ekuzora anoshandiswa neinjini huru anovimbiswa uye akakodzera, iyo yekuchenesa mafuta inoiswa pazasi petangi remafuta.oiri yekuchenesa inogona kukamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: centrifugal uye yakakwirira nemazvo.Pakati pavo, musimboti we centrifugal oiri yekuchenesa ndeyekuparadzanisa mvura nemusiyano pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvisingaenderane, uye panguva imwe chete, zvimedu zvakasimba muchikamu chemvura.Yakakwira chaiyo yekuchenesa mafuta ine basa recapillary rinoitwa nesefa chinhu, tsvina uye zvimedu zviri mumafuta ekuzora zvinotorwa kunze, kuve nechokwadi chekuti girizi rekuzora rine hutsanana hwepamusoro.Kana iri yakakwira chaiyo yekuchenesa mafuta uye centrifugal oiri yekuchenesa inobatira pamwe, kumwe kusvibiswa uye hunyoro mumafuta ekuzora zvinogona kubviswa zvine hungwaru kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhando yemafuta ekuzora inosvika pachiyero chekushandiswa, kuitira kuti turbine igone kushandiswa. uye mhanya wakachengeteka.
Nheyo yekushanda inoteverwa nemafuta anonatsa ndeiyi: kana mafuta ekuzora achipinda mumafuta ekuchenesa, anoumba firimu rakagadzikana uye rakaonda kwazvo remafuta.Pasi pechiito chegiravhiti, mafuta anozopinda pasi pegaba uye oburitsa mweya mumudziyo.Mhepo ine hunyoro hwakaderera uye mafuta akasvibiswa ichaburitsa nzvimbo yakakura yemafuta firimu kupfeka, nekuti mhute yekumanikidza yemvura mufirimu yemafuta yakakura kupfuura yemvura mumhepo, saka mvura iri mumafuta ichaitika pachena gasification chiitiko. .Gasi rakanyungudutswa nemamwe magasi ari muoiri zvinopfachukira mumhepo ye[3], uye ipapo oiri yakasefa inodzokera kutangi guru.
2.2 Kubata zvikanganiso zvakajairika muhurongwa
Mukuita kwekushandisa kwemafuta ekunatsa, zvinonyanya kukanganisa ndeizvi: ① high liquid level alarm;② kutadza kutora mafuta mumudziyo;③ kuvharika kwekunze kwesefa chinhu.
2.3 Chikonzero chekutadza kwakaitika
Idzo dzakajairwa mhando dzemhando dzinosanganisira matatu mamiriro, uye zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukanganisa uku ndezvi: ① tower fluid level uye yakakwirira yemvura mwero wemafuta pani.Kana iyo vacuum shongwe yawanikwa nepaburi repaburi, zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwedambudziko remuchina wekusvetuka.② Kana iyo-0.45bar.g isingasvikike mukati memaminetsi matatu munzvimbo ine vacuum, ipapo mafuta ekuchenesa anobva avharwa otomatiki. , uye muchiratidziro chichaitawo kukurumidza, ndiko kuti, "kutadza mafuta mumudziyo".③ Kana kubuda kwemafuta ekuchenesa kwakavharwa, kana musiyano wekumanikidza ukasvika pamutengo wakagara watemwa, mutsauko wekudzvanya chinja chiito uchaita kuti alarm , ichipa mushandisi musiyano mukuru wekumanikidza kwesefa.
3 Kuvandudza matanho uye mazano ezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika
3.1 Kuvandudza matanho ekukanganisa kwakajairika
Kuburikidza nekuongorora zvikanganiso zvakajairika zveoiri yekuchenesa uye izvo zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa uku, zvinodikanwa kuisa pamberi inoenderana mhinduro dzematambudziko kubatsira kuvandudza kushanda kweiyo turbine yehutsi uye kuvandudza mamiriro ayo ekushanda.Chekutanga, tichifunga nezvedambudziko reyepamusoro yemvura alarm alarm, oiri inogona kudururwa yobva yatangwazve, uye kukosha kwevacuum kunogona kugadziriswa nenzira kwayo.Kana ichigona kutanga zvinobudirira, kukosha kwevacuum kunogona kusimudzwa zvakakodzera.Chechipiri, tichifunga nezvekukundikana kwemudziyo, mushure mekukundikana kwekudya kwemafuta, mafuta ekuchenesa anofanira kutangwazve, uye ipapo vacuum regulating valve inogadziriswa, kuitira kuti dhigirii yevacuum muvacuum tower inogona kunyatsogadziriswa.Imwe mamiriro ezvinhu ndeyekuti kune matambudziko epamhepo, senge inlet valve yekuvhura renji idiki kana haina kuvhurwa.Muchiitiko ichi, dhigirii yekuvhura yevhavha inodiwa kuti igadziriswe.Kune mamwe mafirita anotengeswa kunze kwenyika, nekuti hapana mutsauko wekumanikidza mita, saka, panogona kunge paine sefa chinhu chinovharika, mhinduro yedambudziko iri inongoda kubata nenguva yakakodzera vashandi kuti vagadziriswe kana kutsiva.Chechitatu, tichifunga nezvedambudziko rekuvharika kwesefa, inongoda kutsiva iyo sefa chinhu chinogona kugadziriswa.Kana iyo sefa element ikasatsiviwa nenguva, unogona kuramba uchiishandisa kwemaawa maviri.Mushure mekunge nguva yasvika, ichazvivhara yega, uye chikonzero chinozoratidzwa pachiratidziro, ndiko kuti, chinhu chekubuda chefirita chakavharwa.
Mushure mokunge zvikanganiso zvose zvinobudirira kubviswa, kudiwa kwekuisa shanduko panzvimbo yekumira, uye wozopedzisa kugadzirisa zvakare michina, kusvikira kugadzirisa kunogona kutangwa.
3.2 Kuvandudza mazano ekuongorora
Kana iyo yekuchenesa mafuta ikakundikana, zvinodikanwa kuti usarudze nzira dzekugadzirisa panguva yekubata nayo, asi kugadzirisa dambudziko, chinhu chakakosha ndechekubvisa kuitika kwezvipingamupinyi izvi kubva pamudzi.Yakasanganiswa pane yakakodzera yekushanda ruzivo uye ruzivo, bepa rino rinoisa mberi mamwe matanho uye mazano ekuvandudza oiri yekuchenesa, achitarisira kupa referensi yemhinduro yezvinetso zvine chekuita nebasa.
Kutanga, mvura yemahara, sediment uye zvinosvibisa zvichaiswa pazasi petangi, imwe mafuta anonatsa akaiswa pakati petangi inzvimbo yakaderera, iyo isiri kubva pasi penzvimbo, nzvimbo iri pazasi pechinhambwe. , haigoni kusvika pasi petangi uye mvura yehuwandu hwemafuta akakwirira panguva yekuchera kuti icheneswe, saka inofanira kugara yakazarura valve yemvura pazasi petangi, rega tsvina uye hunyoro hunogona kubudiswa kubva pasi petangi.
Chechipiri, mafuta ekuchenesa anozoburitsa gasi mukamuri umo muchina unowanikwa, izvo zvinotungamira kune kunhuhwirira kwemwenje mukamuri yakakura, hunyoro hwakakurawo, kune vashandi nemichina haina kukodzera kwenguva yakareba. nguva yekugara.Kana vashandi vakashanda munzvimbo iyi kwenguva yakareba, zvinokanganisa hutano hwavo.Kana hunyoro hwemukamuri hwakakura, kushanda kwemafuta ekuchenesa kuchavawo nemhedzisiro yakaipa.Iyo yekuchenesa oiri inoburitsa mvura mukamuri, uye inofemerwa nemuchina wemwenje pasi pekuita kwekubuda kwemhepo, pasi pekuita kwekutenderera kwenguva refu, kushanda kwemuchina wemwenje kuchaderedzwa.Mune akawanda mayuniti emazuva ano, iyo yekupedza fan ndiyo huru yekufefetera midziyo mukamuri.Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera mutsara wemashini emwenje.Kuti uwedzere kupinza kwemhepo muimba, zvakakosha kubvisa louver mumhepo inopisa fan pasi pevhavha yemhepo yekunze kwechigadzirwa chekunze, kuitira kuti vhoriyamu yemhepo iwedzere.Panguva imwecheteyo, inobatsirawo kumhepo yekufefetera mukamuri kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhepo iri mukamuri inogara iri mune yakachena uye yakachena mamiriro.
Chechitatu, mukuita kwemafuta anonatsa, pachave nemuchina wekusvetuka wakakwira nekuda kwefuro rakawanda, kuitika kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro emafuta anonatsa pachayo.Mukuita kwekushandisa pombi yemafuta mumafuta, furo rakawanda rinowanzo tungamira kune yenhema yemvura level yevacuum tower, uye nekudaro rwendo rwakananga.Ichi zvakare chikonzero chakajairika chekuti mafuta ekuchenesa asvetuka.Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri zvinobudirira, vacuum yevacuum tower inogona kuderedzwa mukuita kwepombi yemafuta mumafuta, uye ipapo vharafu yemafuta inodzikiswa, kuitira kuti ibatsire kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, asi kushata kwemhinduro iyi. kuti kushanda kwekurapa kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Chechina, kune chikamu cheiyo inotengeswa oiri yekuchenesa, pachayo haina kudzvanywa mutsauko mita, kuitira kuti hapana nzira yekuwana iyo sefa yekumanikidza musiyano, uye hapana chakakodzera chiyeuchidzo chealarm.Panyaya yehurombo husina kunaka hwemafuta, zviri nyore kuita jam phenomenon, izvo zvinotungamira mukusvetuka kwemafuta ekuchenesa.Pasina kuwedzera mita, zvinokurudzirwa kuita zviitwa zvekuchenesa nguva nenguva kuti udzivise iyo blockage phenomenon uye kuderedza iyo yakaipa mhedzisiro pane yakajairika mashandiro emafuta anonatsa.
Chechishanu, kana mafuta ekuchenesa akanganisa mushure mekugadzirisa maitiro ekutangazve, nekuti granularity yemafuta ekuzora haina kuzadzisa zviyero uye zvinodiwa, kutadza kwemafuta ekuchenesa kwemuchina wekusvetuka, zvichikonzera kuti nguva yekudzokorodza yakanyanya kusimba.Kukosha kwekuchenesa mafuta kuri kuwedzera kuve nemukurumbira, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera mafuta ekuchenesa se backup.Ikozvino mafuta anonatsa ndeyevacuummafuta anonatsa, kushanda kwesefa kwakadzikira, asi zvakare kuburitsa ruzha rwakawanda.Kana iwe ukafunga kuwedzera mafuta matsva ekuchenesa, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza ari nani emhando yekuchenesa mafuta pamusika.Pakusarudza mafuta ekuchenesa, kushanda kwayo uye kukanganisa kweruzha rwakasimba pane zvakatipoteredza kunofanira kufungwa.Iyo oiri yekuchenesa nekuita kwakanaka mune ese maficha inogona kudzivirira akasiyana matambudziko anokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwevacuum pressure.Panyaya yekudzokorora uye hurombo hwemafuta emhando, inogona kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakashata pakubudirira kwebasa.
4 Mhedziso
oiri yekuchenesa ichave nemhedzisiro yakananga pakuita kweiyo steam turbine, uye kukosha kwayo kunozviratidza.Muchidzidzo ichi, zvikanganiso zvakajairika uye zvinokonzeresa mukushanda kwemafuta anonatsa zvinoongororwa, uye mazano anoenderana ekugadzirisa matambudziko uye mazano ekuvandudza emafuta ekuchenesa anopihwa, nechinangwa chekuisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuvandudza kushanda kwechipfunga. turbine.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-24-2023